Sivashanmugam, A. and Premkumar, T. and Renganathan, N.G. and Gopukumar, S. and Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M. and Grche, J. (2005) Electrochemical behavior of Sn/SnO2 mixtures for use as anode in lithium rechargeable batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 144 (1). pp. 197-203.

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Abstract

Anodes derived from oxides of tin have, of late, been of considerable interest because, in principle, they can store over twice as much lithium as graphite. A nanometric matrix of Li2O generated in situ by the electrochemical reduction of SnO2 can provide a facile environment for the reversible alloying of lithium with tin to a maximum stoichiometry of Li4.4Sn. However, the generation of the matrix leads to a high first-cycle irreversible capacity. With a view to increasing the reversible capacity as well as to reduce the irreversible capacity and capacity fade upon cycling, tin–tin oxide mixtures were investigated. SnO2, synthesized by a chemical precipitation method, was mixed with tin powder at two compositions, viz., 1:2 and 2:1, ball-milled and subjected to cycling studies. A mixture of composition Sn:SnO2 = 1:2 exhibited a specific capacity of 549 mAh g−1 (13% higher than that for SnO2) with an irreversible capacity, which was 7% lower than that for SnO2 and a capacity fade of 1.4 mAh g−1 cycle−1. Electrodes with this composition also exhibited a coulombic efficiency of 99% in the 40 cycles. It appears that a matrix in which tin can be distributed without aggregation is essential for realizing tin oxide anodes with high cyclability.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Li–Sn alloy anode; Sn–SnO2 mixtures; Capacity fade; Irreversible capacity
Subjects:	Lithium batteries Electrochemical Power Sources
Divisions:	UNSPECIFIED
Depositing User:	TTBD CECRI
Date Deposited:	16 Jan 2012 15:41
Last Modified:	10 Oct 2012 12:53
URI:	http://cecri.csircentral.net/id/eprint/116

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